氧化破胶-絮凝过滤工艺降黏处理压裂返排液的研究

针对压裂返排液黏度较大、有机污染物含量高和处理难度大的特点,采用以Fenton试剂为氧化剂,聚合氯化铝为絮凝剂的氧化破胶-絮凝过滤工艺对其进行降黏处理和回收利用,并以黏度为指标,考察了Fenton试剂中H_2O_2(30%)、FeSO_4(0.5 mol·L~(-1))添加量及溶液pH、氧化破胶反应时间、絮凝剂种类和用量对降黏效果的影响。结果表明,对于100 mL黏度为16 m Pa·s的油田压裂返排液,当溶液pH为3.0,Fenton试剂中H_2O_2和FeSO_4添加量分别为0.48 mL和0.3 mL,反应时间为50 min时,氧化破胶效果最佳;氧化破胶后的溶液再经0.5 g聚合氯化铝絮凝过滤处理后,黏度可以降至1.1 m Pa·s,溶液中的大部分污染物也被除去,可以实现循环回收利用。     

Investigation of flame characteristics using various design parameters in a pulverized coal burner for oxy‐fuel retrofitting

In oxy‐coal combustion for carbon capture and storage, oxygen and recirculated CO₂ are used as oxidizers instead of air to produce CO₂‐rich flue gas. Owing to differences between the physical and chemical properties of CO₂ and N₂, the development of a burner and boiler system based on fundamental understanding of the flame type, heat transfer, and NOx emission is required. In this study, computational fluid dynamic analysis incorporating comprehensive coal conversion models was performed to investigate the combustion characteristics of a 30 MWth tangential vane swirl pulverized coal burner. Various burner design parameters were evaluated, including the influence of the burner geometry on the swirl strength, direct O₂ injection, and O₂ concentrations in the primary and secondary oxidizers. The flame characteristics were sensitive to the oxygen concentration in the primary oxidizer. The performance of direct O₂ injection around the primary oxidizer with low O₂ concentration was dependent on the mixing of the fuel and oxidizer. The predictions showed that swirl number adjustment and careful direct oxygen injection design are essential for retrofitting air‐firing pulverized coal burners as oxy‐firing burners.     

基于改进PSO-SVM的钻井液侵入储层深度预测

开展钻井液侵入储层深度预测,对于测井评价以及提高油井产能具有一定的现实意义。在分析钻井液侵入储层的机理和特征的基础上,提出了钻井液侵入储层的影响因素指标体系,建立了改进PSO-SVM的钻井液侵入储层深度预测模型,以塔里木塔中35口井为例进行了实证分析,并与传统BP神经网络和SVM模型预测结果进行了对比。研究结果表明:侵入深度与泥饼的渗透率、钻井液与储层压差以及侵入时间正相关,与储层孔隙度和钻井液粘度负相关,改进的PSO-SVM模型预测结果误差小,准确率高,能够用于钻井液侵入储层深度预测,具有广泛的应用前景。     

Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Extracellular Vesicles by Proximity Extension Assay: A Comparative Study of Four Isolation Kits

There is a lack of reliable biomarkers for disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), and diagnostics still heavily rely on symptoms that are both subjective and difficult to quantify. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a promising source of biomarkers due to its close connection to the CNS. Extracellular vesicles are actively secreted by cells, and proteomic analysis of CSF extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their molecular composition likely reflects changes in the CNS to a higher extent compared with total CSF, especially in the case of neuroinflammation, which could increase blood–brain barrier permeability and cause an influx of plasma proteins into the CSF. We used proximity extension assay for proteomic analysis due to its high sensitivity. We believe that this methodology could be useful for de novo biomarker discovery for several CNS diseases. We compared four commercially available kits for EV isolation: MagCapture and ExoIntact (based on magnetic beads), EVSecond L70 (size-exclusion chromatography), and exoEasy (membrane affinity). The isolated EVs were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, ELISA (CD63, CD81 and albumin), and proximity extension assay (PEA) using two different panels, each consisting of 92 markers. The exoEasy samples did not pass the built-in quality controls and were excluded from downstream analysis. The number of detectable proteins in the ExoIntact samples was considerably higher (~150% for the cardiovascular III panel and ~320% for the cell regulation panel) compared with other groups. ExoIntact also showed the highest intersample correlation with an average Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.991 compared with 0.985 and 0.927 for MagCapture and EVSecond, respectively. The median coefficient of variation was 5%, 8%, and 22% for ExoIntact, MagCapture, and EVSecond, respectively. Comparing total CSF and ExoIntact samples revealed 70 differentially expressed proteins in the cardiovascular III panel and 17 in the cell regulation panel. To our knowledge, this is the first time that CSF EVs were analyzed by PEA. In conclusion, analysis of CSF EVs by PEA is feasible, and different isolation kits give distinct results, with ExoIntact showing the highest number of identified proteins with the lowest variability.     

高粘度流体横掠麻面管的传热与流动特性研究

采用三维数值模拟方法,研究不同Re(381、572、763、954、1144)下凹坑直径d(1.8、2.0和2.2 mm)、深度h(0.9、1.0和1.1 mm)、轴向距离p(10、12和14 mm)、周向距离l(5.236、6.283和7.854 mm)与布置型式(叉排、顺排)对高粘度润滑油横掠麻面管流动与传热的影响。结果表明:外壁周期性凹坑的存在使得麻面管油侧换热增强,同时减阻效果明显;相比于光管,当Re=381～1 144时,麻面管油侧Nu增加了28.6%～55.4%,阻力系数f减小了0.59%～26.9%,综合换热性能指标η为1.05～1.59。     

废弃钻井液不落地处理冬季低温生产保障方案设计

针对废弃钻井液不落地处理冬季施工过程中存在钻井液冻凝,设备停机后启动困难,压滤机液压系统油管线温度低、流动性差导致的控制动作缓慢或失灵,钻井液罐与地面冻结无法搬运,钻井设备卫生清洁困难等难题,从废弃钻井液处理方式、油田所在区域、钻井周期等实际情况出发,设计切实可行的冬防保温方案,确保冬季施工设备灵活好用、管线畅通、废弃钻井液无冻凝,保证废弃钻井液不落地处理有序进行。该方案在大庆油田、冀东油田等多口井应用,实践效果良好,解决了因废弃钻井液不落地处理冬季施工过程中钻井液冻凝、设备故障而造成的钻井延误问题。     

Effects of Newtonian heating and thermal radiation on micropolar ferrofluid flow past a stretching surface: Spectral quasi‐linearization method

This study article addressesthe flow and heat transfer characteristics of a magnetite Fe₃O₄ micropolar ferrofluid flow past a stretching sheet. For practical interest, thermal radiation, Newtonian heating, and a heat source or sink are considered in this investigation. A useful Tiwari‐Das nanofluid model is considered to analyze the microstructure and inertial characteristics of the water‐based nanofluids containing iron oxide. The dimensionless nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved by employing suitable similarity variables. The resulting nonlinear system is solved by the spectral quasi‐linearization method. The effects of different nondimensional parameters on various profiles are shown graphically and explored in detail. It is found that the micropolar ferrofluid exhibits a higher energy distribution than that of a classical micropolar fluid. Compared to the classical micropolar liquid, local skin‐friction is more significant for the micropolar magnetite ferrofluid. In the presence of Newtonian heating, the thermal behavior of the micropolar nanofluid is remarkably better than that of the classical micropolar fluid.     

高瓦斯长大隧道施工通风模拟研究

根据不同隧道施工实际，长大隧道的通风通常选择压入式通风或者成本较高通风效果好的巷道式通风，二者有各自的优缺点。高效、经济的通风是保障高瓦斯隧道安全施工的关键因素之一，通风方式的选择至关重要，合理的通风方式能有效稀释瓦斯浓度，并能够节约施工成本。结合高瓦斯长大隧道工程实际，完成了该隧道施工通风参数计算，采用计算流体动力学软件Fluent构建了不同通风方式下瓦斯隧道施工通风数值分析模型。通过数值模拟，得到了隧道内风流流场分布规律及瓦斯浓度分布规律，为瓦斯隧道容易产生瓦斯积聚的地点并需重点检查的部位提供了指导依据，也为通风方式的选择提供了一定的理论基础。     

玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯微孔注塑发泡成型

对不同填充形式下的3种聚丙烯(PP)进行Mucell微孔注射成型试验。根据扫描电镜(SEM)结果得出:3种PP发泡差别较大且出现了明显的分层现象。通过单因素四水平试验法,考察了在微孔注射成型过程中3种PP的熔体温度和注射速度对制品拉伸强度的影响。结果表明:随着熔体温度的增加,发泡材料的拉伸强度基本呈现上升趋势;较低的注射速度得到的样条残余玻纤长度较长,材料力学性能较好;进而得到了发泡样条的宏观力学性能与残余玻纤长度之间的关系。     

飞机蒙皮材料在醋酸钾型除冰液中腐蚀行为研究

目的 评价醋酸钾型除冰液能否用于飞机除冰以及对飞机蒙皮材料腐蚀性的影响。方法 采用AutoLab电化学工作站对飞机蒙皮材料在不同浓度缓蚀剂、无缓蚀剂醋酸钾型除冰液中的干湿交替腐蚀电化学行为进行分析，通过扫描电镜观察其腐蚀前后表面形貌及涂层/基体金属界面形貌。结果 无缺陷飞机蒙皮涂层在除冰液中的阻抗模值高达2.78×1010 Ω?cm2，而缺陷涂层的阻抗模值只有1.72×107 Ω?cm2，说明缺陷破坏了涂层的完整性，降低了涂层的阻抗模值，明显加速了飞机蒙皮材料的腐蚀。带缺陷飞机蒙皮试样经除冰液腐蚀不同周期后的低频区Rct存在较大变化，试样在高浓度无缓蚀剂除冰液中的Rct始终低于在低浓度溶液中的Rct；试验初期，试样在高浓度除冰液中的Rct较大，说明此时缓蚀剂浓度较高，缓蚀作用明显；但随着腐蚀周期的延长，Rct逐渐减小，说明缓蚀剂逐渐失效，高浓度除冰液的腐蚀性逐渐增强并高于低浓度除冰液。腐蚀实验后，飞机蒙皮涂层表面和涂层/基体金属界面处存在一定的腐蚀产物；人造缺陷破坏了涂层的完整性，降低了涂层的结合力，甚至产生局部剥离，造成除冰液浸入，在划痕处发生了较严重的膜下腐蚀。结论 醋酸钾型除冰液对飞机蒙皮材料存在一定的腐蚀性，尤其是当涂层存在缺陷时，腐蚀较为严重。